Pek madongo mag radiation -Osilator mag kristal matek: E - Nonro matut mar dose duto mar ionizing kod gik ma kelo gik moko achiel -
Oboke: Kido makende mar kristal ma ng’ato nyalo ng’ado e alwora ma nigi radiation
Kaka "chuny" mar sistem mag elektronik, masin mag kristal yudo pek mopogore opogore e alwora ma nigi radiation ma malo. Gima duong’ e kindgi nigi kristal mag piezo kod sakiut mag ng’injo ma ng’ato nyalo ng’iyogo, ma dwoko radiation kokalo kuom yore mopogore opogore, to dwoko ariyogo duto gikone nyisore ebedo motegno mar frekwensi, ma en gima duong’ ma nyiso kaka ng’ato tiyo. Gik ma radiation kelo opogore ahinya e kidienje ariyo:ber mar dos duto mar ayon (TID)ma kelo kethore mos e mos, kendo .duoko mar gima otimore achiel - (NE)ma miyo gibedo gi pek mapoya e yo ma ok opar.
Kidieny mar 1: Ber mar Dose mar Ionizing Duto - "Dho ma Rumo Kinde" mar Osilator mag Kristal
1.1 Ketho ma Opong’o kuom Kristal owuon
Oboke duto mar dos mar ayon wuok kuom chokruok mar teko e bwo bedo e bwo ler mar ayon kuom kinde malach, ma kelo kido ariyo madongo mag ketho kristal mag quartz:
Loso ma dhi nyime mar ketho mag lattice
Radieson kelo ketho mar ng’ado ng’ato e iye mar kristal, kendo ng’ado atom kowuok e kargi
Gik ma ok odhi kare kaka thuolo ma onge gimoro kod atom ma ni e kindgi chokore bang’ kinde
Gik ma okber gi loko gik ma ok lokre mag kristal kod gik ma kelo pek
Bedo maler:loko frekwensi mar resonansgilokore mar frekwensi-kido mar liet
Chaja ma ochokore e wi lowo kod gik ma tudruok
Rieson ma kelo chaj ma ok lokre e wi kristal kod kama elektrod tudruok
Chokruok mar chaja loko chal mar tong' mar kor kristal
Omedo lalruok mar landore mar yamo ma winjore kendo landore
Bedo maler:duoko piny gik mamiyo ber (nengo mar Q)giketho mar koko mar phase
1.2 Bedo ma dhi nyime e wi sakiut mag osilason
Gik ma tiyo kod ma ok tiyo e sakiut mag osilason kethore ka dos ochokore:
Drift mar Paramita mar Gige Tich
Drift mowinjore mar MOSFET moting'o voltej, loko kama opogore opogore mar sakiut mar osilasion
Duoko piny mar tero mar tranzistor, makelo duoko piny marjin mar yudo loop
Bedo maler:tek e chako, dwoko piny dwol mar gik ma wuok, gigeng'o ng'wech e kes mager
Medruok maduong' ahinya e stima ma ng'ich
Oksaid-charja ma omaki kelo medruok mar stima ma wuok e kar tudruok mag PN kod dhoudi
Medo maduong' e tiyo kod teko mar sakiut
Medo koko mar liet kod ketho tich mar koko mar phase
Bedo maler:Tiyo gi stima mokalo kaka oketgimalo mar dier ot mar koko
Lokiruok mag paramita e mbui mag duoko
Rieson-paramita mawinjore mag gik ma nyalo kelo ting’o kod gik ma geng’o loko
Oloko chal mar loko mar osileta
Bedo maler:kar frekwensi mar dieregidok piny mar rang'iny mar thum
Kidieny mar 2: Gima Otimore Achiel - - "Tuwo mar Chuny Mapoya" mar Gik ma Osilator mag Kristal
2.1 Bedo ma ok owinjore kuom yunit mag kristal
Kethoruok mar weyo kar tich kuom thuolo matin
Gima achiel ma nigi teko mamalo (ion mapek kata proton ma nigi teko mamalo) donjo e kristal
Oloso ketho mar lattice ma ni e yo ma gik matin wuothoe
Okelo lokruok mag parruok ma kinde matin
Bedo maler:ng'ado frekwensi mapiyo, ma nyalo bedo maber bang’e .
Efek mar Keto Chaja
Gik matin keto chaj ei kristal, kendo giloso field mar stima ma ok nyalre
Olokore obed pek mag masin ma ok nyalre kokalo kuom gik ma nyalo timore e piezoelektrik
Bedo maler:ng'ado ng'wechgikethoruok maduong' mar bedo motegno mar kinde machuok -
2.2 Kethoruok mapiyo gi Sakiut mag Osilason
Achiel-Gik matimore kuom thuolo matin (SET) e sakiut mag analog
Gik matin ma nigi teko ma malo - goyo gino ma medo dwol kata sakiut ma ng’ato nyalo ng’ado e kor ot mar osileta
Kelo stima ma ok nyalre e lainde mag stima kata lainde mag signal
Lach mar puls chakore e pikosekon apar nyaka maikrosekon mang’eny
Bedo maler:
Gik ma nyalo kethore mapiyo e wi kido mar yamo ma wuok
Okethore mapoya e dhi nyime mar okang'
Okang' manyalo bedo ni - loop ma olor (PLL) lalruok mar geng'o kata ketho mar loso gik moko kaka saa
Achiel - Gima Okethore (SEU) e Rieko mar Chik
Lokiruok matin timore e migepe mag loch mar dijital (kaka, rejista mag loch frekwensi, weche mag loch mode)
Paramita mag loso oloki ma ok ogeno
Bedo maler:
Frekwensi mar wuok ng'ado nyaka nengo ma ok owinjore
Lokiruok ma ok owinjore mar yore mag tiyo
Nyalo dwaro loso kendo mondo odwoko tije
Gik ma kelo masira mag geng’o gima otimore achiel (SEL)
Gik ma dongo dongo mag PNPN ochung’ne, kendo oloso yo maduong’ mar sani
Koro medore ahinya (nyalo kalo nyadi 100 mar nengo mapile)
Bedo maler:
Okethore chuth mar sakiut
Owuok mar liet nyalo kelo ketho ma nyaka chieng’
Tiyo gi teko en gima dwarore mondo iyud teko
Kidieny mar adek: Yore makende mag rito gik ma kelo kristal
3.1 Yore makende mag kwedo ber mar dos mar ionizing duto
Yiero maber mar gik moko mag kristal
Ti gi kristal motegno: kaka ranyisi, SC{3}}kuwarz ma ogol nyiso nyalo maber mar geng'o ler moloyo AT{4}}kuwarz ma ogol
Yore makende mag loso gikmoko: ng’ado gik moko gi haidrojen kod yore mamoko mag duoko piny ketho mag kristal mokwongo
Kaka ng’ato nyalo ng’iyo gik manyien: gik mamoko kaka litium niobet fosfet (LNB) nyiso ni tiyo maber moloyo e band moko mag frekwensi
Dizain mar Sakiut Matek
Ti kod gige semikondakta ma olosi gi yore motegno mag redieson
Los sakiut ma ok ochomo mondo ochul giwegi gik ma nyalo kethore
Keto e tim loso mar kinda mondo ine ni tiyo maber ei rang'iny mar paramita
Ket luwo mar stima ma sani wuok kod sakiut mag chudo
Bero maber mar gedo
Los maber kaka iketo kristal mondo iduok piny tiyo kod gik ma nyalo ketho ler
Bero loso mar elektrod kod yore mag tudruok mondo odwoko piny chokruok mar chaj e kind wang'
Ket gik ma oumo gik moko makende mondo iduok piny pek ma nyalo bedoe e wi lowo
3.2 Duoko makende mag duoko mar gima timore achiel -
Gik ma loso - Rieko mar Sakiut
Ti kod sakiut mag golo kod histeresis e yore madongo mag analog
Ti gi modula adek ma ok otiyo (TMR) kod dwoko piny kinde ka kinde ne migepe mag rito gik moko
Los yore mag fwenyo mapiyo kendo yudo gik moko
Ti kod yore mag fwenyo makosa kod loso (EDAC) mondo orit weche mag loso
Loso maber mar loso chenro
Med ring’o mag rito e alwora mar node ma ng’ato nyalo winjo maber
Ti kod chenro ma pile ka pile - ma diere mondo iduok piny gik ma kelo ng’injo
Los maber mbui mag keto stima mondo iduok piny nyalo mar latchup
Ti kod gige tich madongo ne tranzistor madongo mondo omed chaj maduong'
Sistem-Yore mag duoko piny rang'iny
Los loso mar osileta mang'eny ma ok odwarre ma konyo lokruok ma liet
Keto e tim - luwo frekwensi mar seche adier kod fwenyo gik ma ok owinjore
Los algorithm ma nyalo lokore mondo ofweny kendo chulo gik ma ok nyalre kuom thuolo matin
Los yore mag rito -orbit, moriwo nyaka loso kendo paramita kod duoko ketho
3.3 Dwaro makende mag timo tem kod siro adier
Yore mag Temo Redieson mar Osilator mag Kristal
Luoro kuom thuolo malach - mar bedo motegno mar frekwensi: pim yore mag kethore e bwo ber mar dos duto mar ayonizing
Pimo mar saa mar adier - mar koko mar phase: fwenyo kido mag gik ma kelo gik ma ok nyalre
E - tem mar ler: luor gik ma adier mag gik matimore achiel -
Temo ngima mapiyo: paro geno kuom kinde malach-
Paramita madongo ma oketi pach e timo tem
Tudruok mantie e kind dwoko piny frekwensi kod dos duto mar ayonizing
Kido mopogore opogore mag spektrum mar koko
Kethoruok mar seche mag chako kod seche mag dok piny
Nyalo mar rito tim makare mar yamo ma wuok
Giko: Injinia mar Sistem mag Keto Gik Mowinjore kod Gik Mowinjore
Keto ler matek mar kristal en injinia mar sistem madwaro ohala - e rang'iny mathoth:
Bedo gi winjruok e kind gik mitiyogo kod yore mag timo gikmoko
<2Zepa> Ohala e kind nyalo mar geng’o ler mar gik ma kristal kod bedo motegno mar frekwensi
Owinjore e kind rang’iny mar bedo matek mar yore mag semikondakta ka iporo gi tiyo gi teko kod ng’wech
Ohala - e loso mar sakiut
Owinjore e kind bero geno kowuok kuom rito gik ma ok otiyo kod medo bedo matek kod tiyo kod teko
<2Zepa> Ohala-off e kind teko mar yore mag rito kod obadho mag nengo kod duong'
Bedo maber mar sistem mar gedo
Dizain mar riwruok mar arita mathoth -
Hardwa-softwea ma oting'o makosa- yore mag yie
Keto riwruok mar luwo mbui e yor mbui kod loso gik ma nyalo rwako
Kae to, loso maber mar radiation -osilator mar kristal mapek luwore gi ng’eyo makare mar alwora ma itiyogo, kaachiel gi paro matut kuom kaka otiyo, geno, kod nengo. Ka itiyo gi dongruok mar gik manyien, yore motegno, kod yore mag chudo ma riek, tije mag kristal e alwora ma radiation opong’o ahinya biro medore, ma miyo bedo gi fundament motegno mar ranyisi mar kinde mar kuonde ma nigi yie ma malo kaka ng’iyo kor lwasi matut kod tiyo gi teko mar nyuklia.
Ong’iyo ma ochung’ne ng’ato kod yore mag rito ng’ato miyo “ng’wech mar chuny” mar sistemno bedo motegno kendo ma nyalo geno kata e alwora ma radiation tek ahinya.